NAD+(Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is the oxidized form of the central redox cofactor that serves as an electron carrier in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and as a substrate for sirtuin (SIRT1-7) deacylase and PARP DNA-repair enzymes ¹. Molecular formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂. Molecular weight: 663.43 g/mol.

In-vitro cellular respiration assays have examined exogenous NAD+ effects on mitochondrial complex I–IV electron transport chain activity and NAD+/NADH ratios in aged vs. young cell models ². Studies using NAD+ biosensor systems have characterized intracellular compartmentalization dynamics ³. Sirtuin activity assays have quantified its concentration-dependent effects on deacylation kinetics.

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Footnotes

1. Verdin E (2015). NAD+ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration... ↩

2. Zhu XH et al. (2015). In vivo NAD assay reveals the intracellular NAD contents... ↩

3. Cambronne XA et al. (2016). Biosensor reveals multiple sources for mitochondrial NAD+... ↩